132 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
132 lines
6.6 KiB
Markdown
# 设计时 DbContext 配置指引
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> 目的：在执行 `dotnet ef` 命令时无需硬编码数据库连接，可根据 appsettings 与环境变量自动加载。本文覆盖环境变量设置、配置目录指定等细节。
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## 三库迁移命令 只需更改 SnowflakeIds_App 迁移关键字
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> 先生成迁移，再执行数据库更新。启动项目统一用 AdminApi 确保加载最新配置。
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### 生成迁移
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```bash
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# App 主库
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef migrations add SnowflakeIds_App `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.App.Persistence.TakeoutAppDbContext
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# Identity 库
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef migrations add SnowflakeIds_Identity `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.Identity.Persistence.IdentityDbContext
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# Dictionary 库
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef migrations add SnowflakeIds_Dictionary `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.Dictionary.Persistence.DictionaryDbContext
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```
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### 更新数据库
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```bash
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef database update `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.App.Persistence.TakeoutAppDbContext
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef database update `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.Identity.Persistence.IdentityDbContext
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef database update `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.Dictionary.Persistence.DictionaryDbContext
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```
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## 一、设计时工厂读取逻辑概述
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设计时工厂（`DesignTimeDbContextFactoryBase<T>`）按下面顺序解析连接串：
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1. 若设置了 `TAKEOUTSAAS_APP_CONNECTION` / `TAKEOUTSAAS_IDENTITY_CONNECTION` / `TAKEOUTSAAS_DICTIONARY_CONNECTION` 等环境变量，则优先使用。
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2. 否则查找配置文件：
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- 从当前目录开始向上找到含 `TakeoutSaaS.sln` 的仓库根。
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- 依次检查 `src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi`、`src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.UserApi`、`src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.MiniApi` 等目录，如果存在 `appsettings.json` 或 `appsettings.{Environment}.json` 则加载。
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- 若未找到，可通过环境变量 `TAKEOUTSAAS_APPSETTINGS_DIR` 指定包含 appsettings 文件的目录。
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配置结构示例（出现在 AdminApi/MiniApi/UserApi 的 appsettings）：
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```json
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"Database": {
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"DataSources": {
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"AppDatabase": {
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"Write": "Host=120.53...;Database=takeout_app_db;Username=...;Password=...",
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"Reads": [
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"Host=120.53...;Database=takeout_app_db;Username=...;Password=..."
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]
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},
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"IdentityDatabase": {
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"Write": "...",
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"Reads": [ "..." ]
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},
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"DictionaryDatabase": {
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"Write": "...",
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"Reads": [ "..." ]
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}
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}
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}
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```
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设计时工厂会根据数据源名称（`DatabaseConstants.AppDataSource` 等）读取 `Write` 连接串，实现与运行时一致。
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## 二、环境变量配置
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### 1. Windows PowerShell
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```powershell
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# 指向包含 appsettings.json 的目录
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$env:TAKEOUTSAAS_APPSETTINGS_DIR = \"D:\\HAZCode\\TakeOut\\src\\Api\\TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi\"
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#（可选）覆盖 AppDatabase 连接串
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$env:TAKEOUTSAAS_APP_CONNECTION = \"Host=120.53.222.17;Port=5432;Database=takeout_app_db;Username=app_user;Password=***\"
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#（可选）覆盖 IdentityDatabase 连接串
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$env:TAKEOUTSAAS_IDENTITY_CONNECTION = \"Host=...;Database=takeout_identity_db;Username=...;Password=...\"
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#（可选）覆盖 DictionaryDatabase 连接串
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$env:TAKEOUTSAAS_DICTIONARY_CONNECTION = "Host=...;Database=takeout_dictionary_db;Username=...;Password=..."
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```
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### 2. Linux / macOS
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```bash
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export TAKEOUTSAAS_APPSETTINGS_DIR=/home/user/TakeOut/src/Api/TakeoutSaaS.AdminApi
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export TAKEOUTSAAS_APP_CONNECTION=\"Host=120.53.222.17;Port=5432;Database=takeout_app_db;Username=app_user;Password=***\"
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export TAKEOUTSAAS_IDENTITY_CONNECTION=\"Host=...;Database=takeout_identity_db;Username=...;Password=...\"
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export TAKEOUTSAAS_DICTIONARY_CONNECTION="Host=...;Database=takeout_dictionary_db;Username=...;Password=..."
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```
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> 注意：若设置了 `TAKEOUTSAAS_APP_CONNECTION`，则无需在 appsettings 中提供 `Write` 连接串，反之亦然。不要将明文密码写入代码仓库，建议使用 Secret Manager 或部署环境的安全存储。
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## 三、执行脚本示例
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完成上述环境变量配置后即可执行：
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```powershell
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# TakeoutAppDbContext（业务库）
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef database update `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.App.Persistence.TakeoutAppDbContext
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# IdentityDbContext（身份库）
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef database update `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.Identity.Persistence.IdentityDbContext
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# DictionaryDbContext（字典库）
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dotnet tool run dotnet-ef database update `
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--project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--startup-project src/Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure/TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.csproj `
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--context TakeoutSaaS.Infrastructure.Dictionary.Persistence.DictionaryDbContext
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```
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若需迁移 Identity/Dictionary 等上下文，替换 `--context` 参数为对应类型即可。
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## 四、常见问题
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1. **未找到 appsettings**：确保 `TAKEOUTSAAS_APPSETTINGS_DIR` 指向存在 `appsettings.json` 的目录，或将命令在 API 项目目录中执行。
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2. **密码错误**：确认远程 PostgreSQL 用户/密码是否与 appsettings 或环境变量一致，避免在 CLI 中使用默认的账号。
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3. **多环境配置**：`ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT` 变量可控制加载 `appsettings.{Environment}.json`；默认是 Development。
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